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F. IVI. BRINCKERHOFI".

RAILWAY CAR. APPLICATION FILED .IULY27| I9I6.

71,355,209, 'Patented ot.12,"1920.

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`F. M. BRINCKERHOFF.

RMLWAY CAR.-

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27, |916.

Patented 001:. 12, 1920.

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F. M. BRINGKERHOFF.

RAILWAY C AR.

APPLICATION man 1uLYz1,19|a.

Patented 0st. 12, 1920.

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F. M. BRINCKERHOFF.

RAlLwAY GAR.

APPLICATION FILED IULYZ, 1-916, 1,355,209, l Patented Oct. 12, 1920.

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RAILWAY CAR.

APPLICATION EILED JuLY 27. 1,941.6.

Patented Oct. 12, 1920.

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RAILWAY CAR.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27, 1916.

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RAILWAY CAR.

AFPLICATION FILED JULY 27, 1916.'

1,355,209. Pamnted oat. 12,1920.

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OGGOOOOO F. M. BRINCKERHOFF.

RAILWAY CAR.

APPLICATION FILED JULYZ?. 1,916.

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RAILWAY CAR.

APPLICATION FILED IuLY 27. I-9I6.

1,355,209. 'Patented o@f12,192.

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F. M. BRINCKERHOFF.

RAILWAY CAR.

wmcmlon man JULY 21. 1.91.16.

1,355,209. Patented 0013.111930.

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FRANCIS M.' BRINCKERHOFF, GF ENGL Yoan, N. Y.

SEY, ASSIGNOR TO LEWIS B. t S. PUTNAM, 0F NEW RALWAYeGAR'.

ressens.

Specification of lletters'latent.

Patented Oct. 12, 1920.

Application filed July 27, 191. Serial No. 111.583.

ed certain new and useful llinprovements in Railway-Cars, of which the following is a speciication. p Y

My invention relates broadly and gene erally to new and useful improvements 1n railway cars. y n

rl'he object ont my invention isto provide means which will prevent or minimize the danger et ftelescoping in case of collision and wili minimize the injury resulting therefrom.

In order to attain the above objects7 the invention consists in the combination with the framework of a car structure, of flexible elements, whose function, in one aspect, is to limit the separation oi the members of the said structure, following the failure of the joints or framework of the rigid structure, and in another aspect, to serve to intercept a vtelescoping body and tend to aart motion to the car which is struck. l have fully and clearly illustrated my rtionin the accompanying drawings to as a part et this s ieciiication, and

vertical section h a Vca; embodying my invention, n on the line 1 1of Fig. 2. i in. 2 is a central longitudinal section on the line 2 2 of Fig. l. i

i' 3 is a halt-section on the line 8 3 section taken on the line 5 5 K is a vatical transverse section located similarly to Fie'. d ol: another modi- 'ication showing a different arrangement of,

the tie members from that shown in the Yprevious figures.

Fig. T is a vertical 'transverse section of another modification on the line 7 7 of er embodiment of my invention, theV talrenon the line 4 4 oi- Fig. 9 is a vertical transverse section ol an arrangement somewhat similar to that shown in Fig. 7, and located similarly.

Fig-f 10 is a vertical transverse section through` another embodiment somewhat similar to that shown in Fig. 7, and located similarly.

Before proceeding to a detail description of my invention, l desire to make it clear that the same is not limited to any particular type of car structure, as it may be applied to various types of cars without departing `from the scope of my invention. also desire it understood that the invention is applicable generally to the various types of cars.v either of wood or steel construction, and particularly those embodying an understructure, side wall-structures and roof-structures made up of metallic inembers unitedby joints, in order to 'provide a strong and ei'iicient car, inclusive of the `many types of cars known at the'present time as steel cars. p f n Reering to the drawings by characters of reference, and particularly to Figs. l 2 and 3,

l designates generally an under-structure which may be of any of the well-known types, but which for purposes of exemplii'ication in thisapplication is shown as including center sills 2, to which are connected, in any suitable manner, floor 'girders 3, by means of'which the loor andside walls of the car are supported. In Fig. 1,4 designates,r

the vestibule end sill supported by the endsy of the center sills, and consisting of the channels fr@ arranged with their webs verti- .al and their flanges directed? toward each other. From the end sill rises'the vestibule end post 5, the lower end of whichis secured to said end sill by an angle 6, the wingsof the latter being suitably riveted, as at 7, or otherwise connected to the end sill and the web 5L or the vestibule end post which is shown inthe form'of an I-beam set with its webin a vertical plane extending' longitudinally of the car-body. Rising trom the outside ends ofthe vestibule end sill are the vestibule corner posts 8, which are shown in cross-section in Fig. 3. These end posts 8 may be of any desired construction, but are preferably shown as hollow columns, the lower ends of which are riveted tion or separation of the latter will to the outer ends, respectively, of the vestibule end sill 4l, as shown at 9. Suitably secured to the said vestibule end posts 5 and the said vestibule corner posts S are the vestibule end wall plates 10, which complete the vestibule end wall. Connecting the upper ends of the vestibule corner posts 8 and the vestibule end posts 5 is a transverse member 11, the same being secured to the upper ends of the posts 5 by means of angles 12, suitably riveted to the web of said posts and the web 11L of said member 11, the latterbeing preferably in the form of a channel disposed with its said web 11a horizontal, and with its Aflanges 11b extending upward therefrom. Y The outer ends of the lmemberl 11 are secured to the upper ends of the columns 8 by any suitable means, which may, if desired, be in the form of gusset joints 13, having suitable flanges 13, to which the webs of the posts 8 and the web lla of the member 11 are secured by rivets 11i, 15, respectively.

It will be understood that l do not limit myself to the particular type of car above describe-d, or the parts or members thereof, or the joints or connecting means for uniting any of the said parts or members, as my -invention is applicable to any type of car,

and any means which may be employed for connecting the parts or members thereof.

In order to restrain separation, distortion or failure of the parts of the vestibule end wall, above described, when subjected to impact, for instance that resulting from collisions, I provide means for supplementing said parts, so that, in case of failure of any of the joints, connecting parts, or structural members, the same will be restrained from undue sepa 1ation or distortion which would ordinarily result in dismemberment of the structure. This restraining means may consist, as shown in the drawings, of a flexible member which may be in the form of a wire,

a. wire rope or cable 16, which is passed through an opening 17 in a block 18, carried preferably by the center sills between the beams la composing the vestibule end sill, this cable 16 being carried upward from the under-structure, and said block 18, over the joints between the vestibule end posts 5 and the under-structure, and the joints between the vestibule corner posts 8 and the member 11, the ends of the said cable being connected by any suitable coupling, as indicated generally at 19. lt will be seen that in the arrangement described the said restraining member or cable is located closely adjacent the joints 6 and 13, whereby the members connected by said joints, in case of destrucberestrained against movement by said cable.

. The result is, that the vestibule corner posts V8 will be restrained from such outward movement laterally of the longitudinal anis of the car, as usually results when the vestibule end wall is subjected to collision impact resulting in telescoping. ln the arrangement described it will be seen that the cable is inclined upward from the joints 6 toward the joints 13, so that portions 21, 21, of the cable -16 extend across the interior space of the car, thereby being arranged in the path of movement of bodies which might ordinarily be telescoped within the car-body. Should the members 21 of the restraining member 16 be struck by a body, the effect will be to place the restraining member under tension, drawing the same tightly about the vestibule end wall-structure and therebyv operating not only to restrain disruption of the parts, but to bind and hold the same together, and also to present an obstacle to the entrance within the car of the body delivering the blow on the vestibule end wall. ln order that the cable 16 will not be formed with sharp turns at the points where it engages the adjoining members of the car structure, l preferably provide, adjacent to each of the joints 6, a leader blocl or member 22 in the form of an obtuse angle, over which the cable passes, and form the joints 13 with a leader surface consisting of a vertical side face 23 and a curved upper-bearing face 2l, against which faces the cable bears where it passes on the outer side of the joint between the post 8 and the member 11. lThe leader blocks 22 are provided with flanges 221, by which they may be riveted to the under-structure, as shown in Fig. 1. rlhe block 13 and the leader blocks 22 may be made in a single casting if desired. lt will be seen that the restraining cable is arranged within the vestibule end wall-structure, so that it docs not in any way interfere with the vestibule passage space, or the platform space.

Again referring to Fig. 3, 25 designates 'a body corner post preferably in the form of a hollow member made up of a side wall 26 and a front wall 27, the latter having a flange 2S, which is united to a vertical channel-member 29, having flanges 30, respectively united to said flange 23, and to a body side post (to be hereinafter described), in any suitable manner. 31 designates a body end door post, also preferably in the form of a hollow member, and made up of a saloon wall plate 32 and a member 33, substantially in the form of a channel, having ianges 3st, 35, united to said plate 32 in any suitable manner. Secured to the body end door post. is the web of a vert-ical channel or post the flanges 37 of which are connected to the flanges 30, 30, of the body corner post by plates 3S, constituti- C' Lhe body end wall. it their upper ends, the body corner posts 25, and the body end door posts 31, are connected by a horizontal member 39, in the form of a channel, the web 40 of which is horizontally disposed and the flanges 41, 4t2, of which are disposed vertically, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

Connected to the part 26 of the body corner post 25 is the side wall post la forming part of, or included in, the side wall of the body-structure, the lower ends of said posts being riveted to the side sill of the understructure, as shown at 45, in Fig. 7. This side post structure 1111- may be in the form of a hollow member, as shown, or any other desired form. Another one of these posts is shown at 4451, in Fig. 8,"suitably spaced from the side post 4A, the space between said posts constituting a window openingcontaining the window sash 45a.

46 designates the inner saloon corner post, and i7 is the saloon transverse end wall which is connected to said posts i6 and the inner face of the post L14?, in any suitable manner. 18 designates saloon door posts which are connected, respectively, by the plate 82 to the post 31, and by the plate A19 to the said post 4:6. f

Overlying the saloon space and the passageway connecting the platform with the interior of the car-body, is a ceiling plate 50, which may be constructed in accordance with the invention of my prior application Serial No. 857,619, filed August 20, 1914, now Patent No. 1,281,285, issued June 26, 1917.

The car root-structure may be ot any desired type, for instance embodying the purlins 51 and the arched carlines 52, 'the body end carline rising from the ends oi 'the body corner post 25 for a purpose to be presently described. The ends of the purlins are curved downwardly over the vestibule structure as at 53, and secured to the vestibule end wall in any suitable manner, as at 511i. The roof sheathing` supported by the purlins and the carlines is shown as at 55.

T also provide means for restraining movement or separation of the car-body side walls and the roof-structure by incorporating the flexible restraining members in, or adjacent to, the body end wall, so that separation or outwardy movement of the side walls and the raising or lifting of the root are prevented. This arrangement is shown in section in Figs. 2, 5 and 8, and in elevation in Figs. 7, 9 and 10, wherein T provide an anchor member 56 held by the body end sill and having a transverse opening 57, through which are passed restraining cables 58, 59, respectively. The cable 58 passes outward in opposite` directions from the member 56, and across the under-structure to the body corner posts around leader blocks 60, mounted at points adjacentthe connection of the side posts with the understructure, from which points the ends or" the said cable are carried upward and inward, as at 61, to a point above the body end outer posts, where they are carried over the member l0 and associated parts, and connected by suitable couplings 62. It will be seen that .this cable 58 serves to restrain separation of the side posts from the understructure, and also to prevent lifting of the superstructure or roof-structure, inclusiver memberl 59, also passedthrough the opening y 57 and over the leader members 60, fromk which they pass upwardy through the-body corner posts 25, as at 64, and are carried over the jointsy connecting the said post 25 with the under-structure and the /superstructure to a point over the member 40, where the ends are connected by 'suitable couplings 65. This cable 59 serves, 'as one of its functions, to prevent outward move-` ment of the upper portions of the side wall in case the joints uniting the same with the member 40 are broken.

If it is `desired to restrain lifting movement of the root, T provide a third cable 66, see- Figs. 2, 5, 7, `8, 9 and 10, also passed through the opening 57 beneath thefleaders 60 and up the hollow body corner posts, from which points it passes through the carline 52. The ends of this rope 66 may be united at any point, for instance, as shown at 67 by suitable couplings. It will be seen that this cable'not only serves to restrain outward movement of the side walls, in case of `failure of the connections between ythe same and the under-structure and the root, buty also `serves to restrain the deck-structure and roof-structure against being lifted by blows tending to separate the same from the side wall-structure. As shown invFigs. 2, 3, 5 and 8, T may provide additional cables '68 passing through the under-structure, the

side wall-structure and the roo-strucl'zure at one or more of the side posts, or other suitable points, Vlocated lengthwise of the car.

Tn Figs. a and 5, Thave shown another ing member. for preventingupward move-vy ment of the vestibule roof-structure,` said member being so arranged that when subjected to an impact blow and placed under tension, it will serve to drag down the vestibule rooiL1 portion and cause the latter to present an obstruction to the body delivering the collision blow. ln this embodiment,

may provide a restraininf.`J` menber 69 passed through an openi D in a bloclr such as heretofore described, and carried up through the vestibule corner postsV 8, and thence over the top of the member l1 ant connected by couplings 70 in the same mai ner as the members), heretofore described, this member 69 serV ing to restrain outward movement or the side Walls and to hold down the superstructure oi' the vestibule end Wall. ln addition to this member 69, l provide a restraining member Tl, also passed through the opening` l?, and over joints 13, heretofore described, 'from which. .pvard Vand point the said cable is inclined n backward and looped through a retaining member 72 secured to the under-side ci the vestibule roof. rlhis member 72 is preferably in the form of an angle extending transversely of the vestibule roof-structure and secured to the under side thereof in any suitablev manner. rl"he member 7l is arranged to extend across the interior space of the car, as at 71a, so as to provide an obstruction ivhich Will intercept an object about to enter the car, and be thereby placed under tension so as to exert a downward pull on the vestibule root, the result being that the latter will be pulled doivn in the nath of the stril-:ingbody to obstruct the later instead of being moved upward to give the striking body the opportunity passing under the same, as is the general er;- perience in telescoping collisions. The ends of the member 7l may be securef. together at any suitable point by couplings 73.

ln 6 have shoivn another n edities'- tion of my invention as applied to `the vestibule end Wall. ln this form ot the invention one ofthe flexible member is shown at 274-, the same beingr passed through opening' 17 in a block 18 and up the outer side oi' one of the vestibule end posts, and Within the vestibule end Walls, whence it passes over the member il to the vestibule corner post 8 on the opposite side ot the car, said member ipassingthrough'said estibule end posts, as at 75. and having its ends connected in any suitable l.iannenas at 76. Another member 75a is employed for uniting` the opposite vestibule corner post 5 3, from that just described. to the other vestibule end post 5. By this arrangement the inner vertical portionsv oi' the AFlexible restraining' members are made to traverse the interior space of the car so as to'present the desired obstruction to the passage or the body striking-j the vestibule end so as to assist in the prevention oi" the latter being' telescoped Within the car-bodv provided with said restraining' means. 1in Fig. 9 I have shown the arrangement just describec as applied to the body end Wall, the cables being` shown at 76a, 7?, respectively, and in addition l show a third cable 66 having` a portion extending` through the carlines so as to restrain movement oi the rootstructure in the event ot failure of tie joints uniting the same to the body-structure.

ln l0 l have shown the same arrangement of rest 'aining members for both the side Walls and root-structure as shown in Fig. 7, but in addition have shown compression members for preventing collapse of the side Walls, or their movement inward, said means consistingoi inclined braces 8O connected at their lower ends to the floor- .structure adjacent the bases or' the body end door posts, d at their upper ends to the joint" uniting' the ends of the body corner posts with the member LlO. These inclined members 8O may be stiffened by tansverse members 8l, S2, connected to said nember 8O intermediate its ends and to the body end outer post and the body corner posts, respectively.

ln all of the torms ot' the invention shown and described the restraining members perform tivo important Junctions. The i'irst of these is to supplement the joints and members composing' the car-structure in such a Way as to limit separation ot' the members upon t ilure of the joints or or said members, and also to restrain distortion of said members when subjected to benuing and twisting` strains. Second, the restraining members upon collision impact Will be drawn into engagement with or around t ie telesccping body, so as to intercept the same a d limit its telescoping movement so that the impact Will be exerted to move the car along` the roadway instead of to bi alr it asunder and'permit the strikingbody to enter. rllhe restraining members need not in all embodiments of the invention serve to restrain separation or movement of the car members, but may be held in the form of a distended loop by said members tor engaging and intercepting a telescoping` body.

By anchoring the restraining members to the under-structure an important advan'ta is atte-.inet in that any force exerted by'a blow or push on the flexible members ivill be transmitted to the under-structure, which 1vill result in the under-structure, and consequently the entire car-body, being,` moved along,i the roadway instead of remaining: and consequently subjected to the iiull destructive eiiiect of the impact. f

lllhile, in the preferred embodiment ot the invention, l have shown and descril ed the restraining members as consisting ot' Wire rope cables, as they provide a convenient and ecient means for the purpose, I do not desire to be limited to such members as these members may be constructed in any manner which would ttain the results above set forth, as long they have the desired characteristic ci" bending Without fracture.

desire it understood that my invention is not limited to anchoring the restraining member securely to the under-structure, as

any means of connecting` or holding the restraining member to the under-structure may be employed which will hold the member at the under-structure in such manner to resist breaking under strains from col-V lisions which would break the exterior Walls or joints oi the car, and it is therefore adapted to continue to hold those Walls from spreading after such breakage has y occurred.

What l claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent oit the `United States isl. A car structure comprising an understructure, side Walls and a rootstructure, and continuously iiexible means adapted to intercept a telescoping body, said means being iixed to the under-structure.

2. A car structure comprising an understructure, side Walls and a root-structure, and flexible continuous tension means adapted to intercept a telescoping` body, said means being fixed to the under-structure. 3. A car structure comprising an understructure, side Walls and a roof-structure, and a continuously flexible member restraining said parts against separation and distortion, said iiexible means being anchored to the under-structure.

4. A. car structure comprising an understructure including a sill, side Walls and a root-structure, and continuously flexible means restraining` separation and distortion of said elements, said flexible means being anchored to said sill.

5. A car structure comprising an understructure, side Walls and a roof-structure, said elements being connected by joints, and a continuously flexible member restraining separation of said elements upon disruption of the joints, said flexible means passing around said elements.

6. A car structure comprising an understructure, side Walls and a roof-structure, and a continuously flexible member restraining separation of said elements, said iiexible member passing around said elements and being anchored to the under-structure,I

7. A car structure comprising an undertraine, side Walls and a root-structure, and a. cable passing around said side Walls and root-structure and being connected to the under-structure.

8. A car structure comprising an understructiire, side walls and a yrooi-structurel, and a fienible member uniting'said elements and restraining separation of the same, Said member being incorporated in the side Wallk structure.

9. i car structure comprising an under structure, side Walls and a root-structure, and a flexible member uniting said elements and restraining` separation oit the same, said member being incorporated. in the side Wall structure and anchored to the under-structure. Y

structure, side Walls and a roof-structure, said sidewalls including vertical posts, and a iiexible member restraining separation of said elements, said. member being housed Within said posts.

11. A car structure comprisingan understruCture, side Walls and a roof-structure,

said side Wallsincluding vertical posts, and a fiexible member restraining separation of said elements, said member being housed Within said posts and connected With they under-structure.

l2. .i ear structure comprising an underlO. A car structure comprising an undersoL structure, side Walls and a roof-structure, 1

and a continuously flexible member restrain'- iiig separation of the said elements' and eX- tendmg across the interior space of the car.

13. A car structure comprising an understructure, side Walls and a roof-structure, and a continuously flexible member restraining separation oit the said elements and eX- tending across the interior space of the car, said member being anchored to the under Y structure'.

14. A car structure comprising anuiiderstructure, side Walls and a roof-structure, and a cable restraining separation of said members, said ycable beingincorporated iny the side Wall-structures and being connected v to the root-structure and the under-structure. Y f

l5. A. car structure comprising'anunderstructure, sidewalls and a `roof-structure,

and a cable restraining separation of said kmembers, said cable being incorporated iiithe side Wall-structures and being connected tothe roo'f-structurey and ythe under-struc` ture, a portion of said cable traversing the Aspace Within the car-body. y

16. A car structure comprising an understructure, side Walls and a roof-structure, said members 'being united by joints, and a iicnible member anchored to the under structure and incorporated within ay side Wall y and adapted to "estrain outward movement of the side Wall upon disruption of the joints iio ilexible member in the form oi a loop an-l chored to the under-structure, and means for supporting said loop in distended position.

i car structure comprising an understructure, side Walls and a roof and a continuously flexible member in the form of a loop anchored to the under-structure and supported in distended position by the members of the car structure.

3st. A car structure comprising an understructure, side Walls and a roof and a continuously flexible member embodying a loop connected to the under-structure and held in distended position by the side Wall structure.

35. car structure comprising an understructure, side Walls and a roof and a continuously Flexible member embodying a loop connected to the under-structure and supported in distended position by the side Wall structures, the upper portion of said loop extending across the car adjacent the root structure.

8G. A car structure comprising an understructure and a roof, and a continuously flexible distended loop member anchored to the under-structure and adapted to intercept a telescoping body.

37. car structure comprising an understructure and a roof, and a vertically disposed distended continuously flexible loop member anchored to the under-structure and adapted to intercept a telescoping body.

38. A car structure comprising an understructure and a roof, and a vertically disposed continuously flexible loop member anchored to the under-structure and extending transversely of the car, and adapted to intercept a telescoping body.

39. A carstructure comprising an understructure, a roof and side Walls, and a distended continuously flexible loop member anchored to the under-structure, and means for connecting the limbsof the loop to the f said side Walls.

40. A car structure comprising an understructure and a roof, and a distended continuously flexible loop member extending vertically from the under-structure, and means at the under-structure for holding said loop member.

el. A car structure comprising an understructure including center sills, a roof, and a vertically disposed continuously flexible` loop member supported by the center sills.

/l-/l. A car structure comprising an understructure, including center sills, a roof, and a vertically disposed continuously flexible loop member supported by the center sills, portions' of said loop member extending across the interior space of the car.

A car oic substantially tabular metallic structure comprising a roo'l2 structure, side Walls and an nnder structure, and a flexible loop anchored to the under structure ancL having an embracing hold upon said tubular structure, the tensile strength o1c said'loopV against the forces caused by collision being greater than the circumferential tensile strength of the tubular structure, vwhereby said loop will unbroken after the tubular structure has been rup-y tured circumierentially.

lll. A car kstructure comprising` an under structure, side Walls and a roof structure, and a loop having iiexed portions engaging one or said side Walls and said roof structure.

d5. A car structure comprising Aan under structure, side Walls and a roei:` structure, and a loop having flexed portions engaging one of said side Walls, and said root structure and said understructure.

46. l car structure comprising an under structure, side Walls and a roei* structure, 'and a loop anchored to the under structure and having a flexed portion engaging a side Wall.

4'?. A car structure comprising an under structure, side Walls and a roof structure, and a loop anchored to the under structure and having a flexed portion engaging said side Walls.

48. A car structure comprising` anunder structure, side Walls and a roofstructure connected by joints, and a loop having a Jflexible portion engaging one of said joints.

49. A car structure comprising an under structure, side 'Walls and a root structure connected by joints, and a loop having a l flexible portion engaging one of said joints,

said loop being anchored to the under structure.

50. A. car structure comprising an under structure, side Walls and a roof structure connected by joints, and a loop having a flexible portion engaging a joint between a side Wall and said roof structure, said loop being anchored to the under structure.

5l. Ai car structure comprising an under structure, side Walls and a rooi1 structure, said members being united by joints, and a flexible loop member anchored to the nnder structure and engaging a side Wall Land the roof structure, and embracing the joint between the side Wall and roo-f structure.

52. il. car structure comprising an under structure, a root structure and side Walls, andy a flexible loop member including a cable, said member beinganchored to the under structure and adapted to intercept a telescoping body.

53. car structure comprisingk an under structure, a roof structure and side walls, and a flexible loop member includingacable, said member being anchored to the under structure and engaging a side Wall to restrain the saine against disruptive movenient.

54. A car structure comprising an under structure, a roo'f structure and side Walls, restraining movement thereof upon disruplo and a flexible loop member including a. Cable, tion of the joints. said member being anchored to the under In testimony whereof have hereunto structure and Connecting L side Wall to the signed my name in the presence of two subroof structure and to the under structure. scribing Witnesses.

- 55. A car body Comprising :in under struo- FRANCIS M. BRINCKERHOFF. ture, a side Wall structure and a roof strucitnesSeS: ture Connected by joints, and a. cable mem- C. G. HEYLMUN,

ber in loop form uniting said structures and M. E. MCNINCH. 

